How to boot in safe mode and reinstall patches?

Hi! I’ve been looking everywhere for instructions on just how to boot into safe mode correctly and reinstall patches. I’m on mac OS Sonoma version 14.5 and it sometimes lets me login but the background is all white and moving very slowly then it kicks me back to the login screen. Upon my own research I think I have to boot into safe mode and reinstall patches but have no idea how to do that. Any help would be great :)

submitted by /u/Fit_Benefit_5047
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