Sonoma on late 2012 imac (legacy metal) photos/screensaver issues

I updated from Catalina to Sonoma 14.6.1 and initially only saw a few graphics glitches like incorrect program icons, but after running a few weeks (and updating some programs like Nomachine and Virtualbox) I have some bigger problems. The animated wallpapers no longer work (just a white screen), widgets on the main screen are just grey shadings, the photo app no longer has the 'all photos' section, and the screensaver that is supposed to show a sequence of photos from an album is just white.

Does anyone know why these problems would show up after a week or more of use, or how to fix them?

submitted by /u/Ok_Appointment_8166
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