MacBook without operating system, which one should I install, and how to dual boot with linux ?

I have a 2012 Macbook Pro that does not have an operating system, I would like to know if I can directly install Mac iOS Catalina as it has official support. Or can I directly install a big sur patch?

Furthermore, I would like to dual boot with Windows 11 and linux, and it is possible to do all of this, I didn't find any content about my environment, how should I do it, does anyone have any guides? thanks